Abstract and Table of Contents

If abstract is a sample of about-ness, then a table of contents is sample if is-ness. Some have said that journal articles should not have table of contents (instructional staff at the UNT program teaching the Metadata I course). I disagree, but so does Habing, et al (2001). Sometimes more than an abstract a table of contents can deliver a substantial understanding of what an article is and is about by displaying its structure. In fact many law review articles actually include a table of contents prior to the main part of the article. Law review articles can be over 70 pages in length. An outline offers useful information to the potential reader.

An example of an outline from a linguistics article.

Roberts, David. 2011. “A Tone Orthography Typology.” Written Language & Literacy 14 (1): 82–108. doi:10.1075/wll.14.1.05rob.

  1. Introduction
  2. The six parameters
    2.1 First parameter: Domain
    2.2 Second parameter: Target
    2.2.1 Tones
    2.2.2 Grammar
    2.2.3 Lexicon
    2.2.4 Dual strategies
    2.3 Third parameter: Symbol
    2.3.1 Phonographic representations
    2.3.2 Semiographic representations
    2.4 Fourth parameter: Position
    2.5 Fifth parameter: Density
    2.5.1 Introduction
    2.5.2 Zero density
    2.5.3 Partial density
    2.5.4 Exhaustive density
    2.6 Sixth parameter: Depth
    2.6.1 Introduction
    2.6.2 Surface representation
    2.6.3 Deep representation
    2.6.4 Shallow (transparent) representation
  3. Conclusion
    Abbreviations
    Notes
    Bibliographical references

References

Thomas G. Habing, Timothy W. Cole, and William H. Mischo. 2001. Qualified Dublin Core using RDF for Sci-Tech Journal Articles. https://dli.grainger.uiuc.edu/Publications/metadatacasestudy/HabingDC2001.pdf

What are the rights of ownership?

I started looking at this question today: "What are the rights of ownership?"

Ownership differs from copyright.

Sabloff, J.A. Scientific research, museum collections, and the rights of ownership. SCI ENG ETHICS 5, 347–354 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-999-0025-6

Hodder, Ian. “Cultural Heritage Rights: From Ownership and Descent to Justice and Well-Being.” Anthropological Quarterly 83, no. 4 (2010): 861–82. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40890842.

Kirsten Foss & Nicolai Foss (2001) Assets, Attributes and Ownership, International Journal of the Economics of Business, 8:1, 19-37, DOI: 10.1080/13571510151075233

Zuckerman, H. A. (1988). Introduction: Intellectual Property and Diverse Rights of Ownership in Science. Science, Technology, & Human Values, 13(1–2), 7–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243988013001-203

Caronni, G. (1995). Assuring Ownership Rights for Digital Images. In: Verläßliche IT-Systeme. DUD-Fachbeiträge. Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-91094-3_16

15 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 759 (1973-1974)
Rights of Ownership or Rights of Use--The Need for a New Conceptual Basis for Land Use Policy https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/wmlr15&div=38&id=&page=

https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/779730

https://books.google.fr/books?id=QLOvDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA83&lpg=PA83&dq=library+records+ownership&source=bl&ots=BtkD7gmt3s&sig=ACfU3U0PiYkMUSP2fAbvHCCR3cmxBqWPiA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiS3Yez7IzxAhWy5eAKHdqhA1kQ6AEwJXoECBMQAw#v=onepage&q=library%20records%20ownership&f=false

Copyright Issues Relevant to the Creation of a Digital Archive: A Preliminary Assessmentbody

http://web.archive.org/web/20210301072826/https://library.ca.gov/services/to-libraries/ca-revealed/ownership/


Note: this is interesting: http://www.helix.dnares.in/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/2346-2351.897.pdf

32 Ariz. L. Rev. 739 (1990)
The Rights of Indigenous Peoples as Collective Group Rights https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/arz32&div=34&id=&page=

Oboler, Regina Smith (1977) The economic rights of Nandi women. Working paper no. 328, Nairobi: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/20.500.12413/1201

35 Seattle U. L. Rev. 1227 (2011-2012)
Hired to Invent vs. Work Made for Hire: Resolving the Inconsistency among Rights of Corporate Personhood: Authorship, and Inventorship
https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/sealr35&div=47&id=&page=

Lost Lands?: (land) Rights of the San in Botswana and the Legal Concept of... https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=98dXvUkLjXoC&oi=fnd&pg=PA9&dq=%22rights+of+ownership%22+-%22property+rights%22&ots=Yg5kxp66SQ&sig=VANWd__ZoI2e-UaOnkrzFJn5im4#v=onepage&q=%22rights%20of%20ownership%22%20-%22property%20rights%22&f=false

https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315588353-8/reforming-swedish-sami-legislation-survey-arguments-bertil-bengtsson


Related to:
Pierscionek, B.K. What is presumed when we presume consent?. BMC Med Ethics 9, 8 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6939-9-8

In addition to these issues of ownership,

OCAP Principles directly point out that ownership is a key issue. https://fnigc.ca/ocap-training/

OCAP is a set of principles: ownership, control, access, and possession of data within a collaborative relationship between the researcher(s) and First Nations people and communities.

https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/using-ocap-and-iq-frameworks-address-history-trauma-indigenous-health-research/2020-10#:~:text=OCAP%20is%20a%20set%20of,First%20Nations%20people%20and%20communities.

Ownership also impacts what archives can and can not do with modern data https://isidore.science/document/10670/1.0fv98j

Image Copyrights and the history of copyright and the public domain

The linked article is not well referenced, but it does have an lot of detail dates.
https://photoclaim.com/when-photography-copyright-started-the-origins-of-copyright/

Again a nice timeline but not really great references for scholarly purposes.

I was trying to find out when images (paintings, photographs, etc.) were first eligible for copyright protections. Maybe some of this is set through case-law.

In addition to this question, a second question exists: when was copyright and the public domain established?

Tyler T. Ochoa, Origins and Meanings of the Public Domain , 28 U. Dayton L. Rev. 215 (2002),
Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/facpubs/80

https://www.belmont.edu/legal/pdf/Public-Domain-Chart.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_copyright

Welcome to the Public Domain


https://www.nypl.org/blog/2019/05/31/us-copyright-history-1923-1964


others
Ashton Williams, Shockingly Evil: The Cruel Invasive Appropriation and Exploitation of Victims' Rights of Publicity in the True Crime Genre, 27 J. Intell. Prop. L. 303 (2020).
Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.uga.edu/jipl/vol27/iss2/6

Peter K. Yu, Ten Common Questions about Intellectual Property and Human Rights, 23 Ga. St. U.L. Rev. 709 (2007).
Available at: https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/facscholar/386

https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/scholcom/208/

Dublin Core in HTML pages

Dublin Core is sometimes inserted into in the HTML header for search engine optimization purposes. I am very curious to know which search engine are being optimized for with the inclusion of DC metadata in the HTML header. Google clearly sates they don't use keywords anymore. Some argue that dublin core tags are different than keywords and therefore google might still be using them. As far as I know the specifics are a trade secret that Google hasn't made public. If anyone knows more on this please let me know in the comments.

I do know that Google's search engine scholar.google.com runs via a different bot and crawl process and does use some DC tags for identification. They have a sub-dialect of tags and have added some non-standard (not true dublin core) tags to what they expect. — how rude and presumptuous of Google... But Google Scholar is the only search engine I know about looking for Dublin Core metadata in HTML. If anyone knows of another one I'm very keen to know about it.

Bing sunset their academic/scholar service. My understanding is that when it was running, it was just one bot that crawled the data and then they filtered the single crawl to create the academic materials product this is a different approach than Google is taking.

Here are some interesting links on Dublin Core in the headers:

http://webposible.com/utilidades/dublincore-metadata-gen/index.php?lang=en
http://criticism.com/seo/dublin-core-metadata.php
https://www.problogbooster.com/2010/12/use-dublin-core-meta-tags-in-blog-to.html
https://www.problogbooster.com/2010/03/meta-tag-generator-online-free-url-keyword-seo-html-description-code-improve-pagerank-traffic.html
https://www.woorank.com/en/blog/dublin-core-metadata-for-seo-and-usability
https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-html/

Is HTML5 a subset of SGML?

One of the lectures in my courses had me asking the following question: Is HTML5 a subset of SGML?

I did a little googling. Here are the links I found most relevant. Maybe someday I will write my own opinion on the topic... The short answer is that HTML5 became an abstract language with two modes of instantiation. One is XML valid (and hence SGML), the other is not SGML valid.

  • https://www.w3.org/2008/Talks/04-24-smith/index.html
  • https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/xhtml5
  • https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#html-vs-xhtml
  • https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5558502/is-html5-valid-xml/39560454#39560454
  • https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8460993/p-end-tag-p-is-not-needed-in-html
  • https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1946426/html-5-is-it-br-br-or-br
  • https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5558502/is-html5-valid-xml